Commonly Confused Words Inhuman and Inhumane

The adjectives inhuman and inhumane have related meanings, but theyre not usually  interchangeable. Definitions The word inhuman—like inhumane—means  pitiless or lacking in compassion, but inhuman, which also means cruel,  monstrous,  and barbaric, has a harsher sense than inhumane.The Oxford English Dictionary defines inhumane as destitute of compassion for misery or suffering in men or animals.   Examples For an instant Sean saw an inhuman expression of hate so evil and demented that nothing in the world could frighten the boy after seeing that.(Raymond Feist, Faerie Tale. Doubleday, 1988)In tormented English [Oskar] conveyed his intense and everlasting hatred of the Nazis for destroying his career, uprooting his life, and flinging him like a piece of bleeding meat to hawks. He cursed them thickly, the German nation, as an inhuman, conscienceless, merciless people. (Bernard Malamud, The German Refugee.  The Stories of Bernard Malamud. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1989)Inhumane treatment of political prisoners is considered a serious and punishable offense under international law.Some people always choose to  comfort the child. They think that making a baby cry it out is inhumane and could even lead to psychological problems. Others feel that giving in to babies prevents them from learning needed skills and leads to later problems. (Aaron E. Carroll, Putting Your Baby to Sleep: Some Advice and Good News. The New York Times, August 1, 2016) Usage Notes Careful users maintain the distinction between inhuman and inhumane. Inhumane, the opposite of humane, means lacking in compassion or kindness; cruel; not merciful: inhumane treatment. Inhuman, the opposite of human, is stronger and has a wider scope than inhumane. To be inhuman means to lack all human qualities, not only compassion and kindness: inhuman violence, inhuman living conditions. Inhuman has the additional meaning of not having human form: An inhuman shape appeared at the window. (Martin Manser, Good Word Guide, 7th ed. Bloomsbury, 2011)The first thing to note about inhuman is that it does not mean the same as inhumane. The confusion is very common. On February 17, 2008, a fine op-ed piece by an Air Force Colonel and former  Guantà ¡namo  prosecutor on the use of waterboarding was subbed by The New York Times with the internal  headline Waterboarding Is Inhumane—which is not what the author said in his article. He said it was inhuman. . . . According to the O xford English Dictionary, inhumane in its modern use is a word of milder meaning than inhuman.  Ã‚  Accordingly a prohibition on inhumane conduct is much more demanding than a prohibition on inhuman  conduct. (Jeremy Waldron,  Torture, Terror, and Trade-Offs: Philosophy for the White House. Oxford University Press, 2010)Inhuman and inhumane overlap in meaning to such an extent that it is impossible to sustain a distinction in their use. In general, inhuman refers to the characteristic of a person or action, whereas inhumane considers the same characteristic rather more in relation to the effect or the consequences of the action on the sufferer. (Chambers 21 Century Dictionary, rev. ed. Chambers Harrap, 2001) Practice A great deal of irresponsibility, selfishness, and _____ behavior hides behind the pervasive myth that all cats are actually wild animals.The rebel leader was accused of committing _____ acts of terrorism, which included the murdering and butchering of countless women and children. Answers to Practice Exercises: Inhuman and Inhumane (a) A great deal of irresponsibility, selfishness, and inhumane behavior hides behind the pervasive myth that all cats are actually wild animals.(b) The rebel leader was accused of committing inhuman acts of terrorism, which included the murdering and butchering of countless women and children. Glossary of Usage: Index of Commonly Confused Words

Why Do Scams Occur in India - 968 Words

India is growing well, growing well in all terms, like strong economy, great infrastructure, top businessmen, more number of Indians in forbes richest people list, technology, education, strong media, politics on the positive side and when we looking into the worrying part comes big scams, curruption, etc. We are hearing about new scams almost every week these days and interestingly most of these scams are picked up by the media rather than any of our proud investigating agencies or people who are responsible to monitor our financial activities. Billions of dollars are deposited by many Indians in the Swiss banks which are illegal. Do we have any idea of what is volume of Indian economy inside these Swiss banks. Are we trying to find it†¦show more content†¦9. Some of the bureaucratic and administrative procedures are redundant. This coupled with less automation and transparency provides employment through corruption. 10. Use of electronic voting machines, with no clue/acknowledgement of whom the citizen has voted. This makes it easy for the politicians to manipulate votes. The government instead projects India as a software giant, but sadly all we are doing is demanding outsourcing of public sector department/governance work of the developed countries. 11. Intentional Collapse of democratic and civil institutions by policy makers, which entertains corruption to be associated to power by placing corrupted or subservient persons at important decision making points in the system. 12. The absence of autonomous institutions with responsibility, accountability and transparency combined with way too many people in positions with discretionary powers and no recall option of people in power is a sticking point in containing corruption. 13. Clear cut separation of the three divisions of the constitution i.e. executive, judiciary and the legislature, which would minimize corruption and improve quality of service and performance. 14. There are far too many criminals and thugs in the system that has converted the police, political and judicial systems into legalized criminal networks. These systems have become criminal networks rather than citizen friendly networks that assist in providing goodShow MoreRelatedBusiness Report : Ethical And Management1743 Words   |  7 PagesEXPLOITING ‘NON-EMPLOYEES’ 3 THE FREE SHIFT SCAM 4 3.2 MANAGEMENT ISSUES 5 WORK HEALTH AND SAFETY 5 HUMAN SKILLS 5 3.3 EMPLOYING AND MANAGING CULTURE AND DIVERSITY 7 LEARNING ORGANISATION 7 AWARENESS 7 MOTHERS IN THE WORKFORCE 7 AGEING WORKFORCE 8 4.0 CONCLUSION 9 5.0 REFERENCES 10 2.0 INTRODUCTION This report will go into detail about ethical and management issues at 7-Eleven alongside the exploitation of ‘non-workers’ and the issues in China and India. This report also provides detail regardingRead MoreScams and Fraud in Stock Market5370 Words   |  22 Pages| 5 | 5. | Definition of scam | 7 | 6. | When stock fraud occurs | 8 | 7. | Financial statement fraud | 10 | 8. | Features of security scam | 12 | 9. | How to spot stock scams | 13 | 10. | Avoiding stock market fraud amp; scams | 14 | 11. | Indicators for scams | 15 | 12. | Top 10 stock market scams | 16 | 13. | Top 10 scamster of India | 20 | 14. | Conclusion | Read MoreThe Growing Problem of White Collar Crimes in India19963 Words   |  80 PagesThe Growing Problem of White Collar Crimes in India â€Å"The practitioners of evil, the hoarders, the profiteers, the black marketers and speculators are the worst enemies of our society. 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Introduction: Open any newspaper or tune into any news channel and you can be pretty sure to stumble upon crimes of all sorts ranging from petty thefts to dacoity, murder, terrorism, sexual crimes and the like. The statistics show that the miscreants have been found quite focused and determined at their jobs. In India for instance, as per the National Crime Records Bureau, incidences of crimeRead MoreAnalyzing The Stock Market Of Indi An Overview Of The Financial Crisis3164 Words   |  13 Pages ANALYSING THE STOCK MARKET IN INDIA: AN OVERVIEW OF THE FINANCIAL CRISIS MACRO ECONOMIC PAPER PRESENTED BY SAHITA GHOSH SOUMITA DE DEVADYUTI NAG SHRESHTH SAXENA ABSTRACT The global financial crisis of 2008 was the most severe financial crisis that the world had experienced since The Great Depression of 1930s. Due to the recession, the Foreign Institutional Investors (FII’s) had disinvested in the Indian market to meet their commitments abroad. 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Chapter 1 Free Essays

CHAPTER OVERVIEW 1. 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter presents preliminary discussions about decision that include short overview, relationship between decision and theoretical question with examples and theories or approach of decision as critical parts in discussing the decision subject. The goal of this presentation is the nurture of firm understanding on the essential tenets about decision. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. 1 OVERVIEW OF DECISION THEORY In the simplest term, Decision Theory (DT) is theory about decisions. Academic discussion about decision theory is critical due to that there exist many theories about decision. Knowing all the theories that underlying the decision made would enable one to at least:- realize the principle and methodological one follows, mechanisms and supports required for that principle and reach into a justifiable and firm decision. Within the decision theory, there are normative and descriptive theories or approaches with prescriptive appears as variation of normative theory. The variety of ways to conceptualizing and looking at decisions yield many different research cultures and traditions. Some are heavily rely on mathematics, some explore psychological dimensions and others might focus on the methodological aspects of decision. 3. 1 DECISIONS AND THEORETICAL QUESTION ABOUT DECISION A decision is a resolution that one chooses from a variety of alternatives. Many formal conceptual definitions for decision are available. Examples are; i. a position arrived at after consideration ii. the identification of and commitment to a course of action iii. decision relates to the activity – to decide – as the final point f decision making process that has involved complex processes of problem solving From all these definitions, we learn that decision is stem from some theoretical questions or there must be some theoretical questions in the ground prior to making decision. In this sense, the theoretical questions are problem that requires resolution. The relationship between the decision and theoretical questions is inevitable since there would be no decision without p roblem. The following propositions are examples of theoretical problems and the decisions to all these propositions are relative. What would I dress to lecture today? The decision made would depend on the frequent use of apparel, availability and readiness and perhaps suitability with activities to be conducted in the lecture session. Which restaurant would I go for lunch this afternoon? The decision might depend on the time available, attraction of dishes or other external influences such as colleagues or weather. Should I purchase imported or local car? Issues such as pride, price and value, maintenance, loan facility and other considerations will significantly influenced the purchasing decision. In our everyday’s life, child or adult, man or woman, we face a series of heavy or light problems that seek for or involve decision. In this sense, theorizing about decision can be thought as theorizing about our daily activities. However, we limit decision theory to include those that worth attended and unstructured or ill-structured; and exclude those are straight forward and structured. This limitation led by that in any unstructured situations or problems, there exist a set of alternatives to choose from and one chooses in a systematic way, not in random. The selection is often based on goal directed activities, and hence decision theory is concerned with goal-directed behavior in the presence of options. Decision theory has two goals i. e to describe how agents do make decisions (descriptive decision theory) and to prescribe how agents should make decisions (prescriptive decision theory). A third branch of decision theory, normative decision theory, tries to describe how a hypothetical, infinitely intelligent being would make decisions. 4. 1 NORMATIVE THEORY A normative decision theory is a theory about how decisions would be made. In this theory, the norms or standard practice that a decision maker follows and acts in reaching a resolution is critical. It addresses the activities in making decision which involve some standard processes. Normative decision theory seeks to provide an axiomatic, consistent basis for decision making. Most of decision theory and/or analysis said to be normative or prescriptive rather than descriptive. It concerns with what people should do, with emphasis on procedural dimension. Thus the tasks of identifying the best decision to take, assuming an ideal decision taker who is fully informed, ability to compute with perfect accuracy and fully rational would be vital in this theory. 5. 1 DESCRIPTIVE THEORY Descriptive decision theory attempts to explain what people actually do and what people are observed to do when making decision. In another word it explains the processes that must be going through by a decision maker. In this sense, descriptive theory attempts to know how decisions are made and explains what exactly occurs in human cognitive when they make decision. In a descriptive study, the decision model is determined by the user’s behavior, and the goal is to obtain an accurate model of the user’s actual decision process. Descriptive approach requires a detailed and thorough understanding of the task that faces the decision maker. It is as important to understand the decision maker’s task, or â€Å"environment,† as it is to understand how she mentally processes information. Due to that descriptive theory is more heading toward cognitive thinking, reasoning and mental activities, it is capable to nurture a new idea, concept and knowledge which would assist in improvement of decision making. In this way, descriptive theory concerned with describing human judgment and decision making in a scientific way. Descriptive models are evaluated according to their ability to reproduce the behavior of the decision maker. As descriptive theory deals with what people actually do and what people are observe to do, it simply an observation and description of â€Å"what happens† when people make decision. For example, we might observe people who are speaking some language, and simply record what they say and try to determine the rules, if any, that determine what they say; perhaps they sometimes use double-negatives, like ‘I don’t want no eggs’. In such a case, we would simply observe what they do, and try to account for why it is they are doing that. This would be a descriptive grammar. In the context of ethics, we might undertake a descriptive ethical enquiry, trying to determine the principles that some person or group of people use when making their morally relevant decisions: perhaps they do whatever they feel like, or perhaps they do what they think will lead to the greatest overall happiness of people. Whatever the details, the descriptive task would simply seek to determine what ethical principles, if any, are in fact being used by some person or group in their morally relevant behavior. 6. 1CONCLUSION This chapter introduces students to the tenets of DT that includes conceptual definition of DT, the decision and theoretical question about decision and the three major theories of decision i. e normative, descriptive and prescriptive. DT is a body of knowledge and related analytical techniques designed to help a decision maker choose among a set of alternatives in light of their possible consequences. DT is applicable to conditions of certainty, risk, or uncertainty. In general, DT deals with human decision making in the extent of insufficient information and incomplete control over events. DT involves two entities i. e decision maker and an arbitrary nature. The decision maker performs analyses and cognitively chooses some courses of action in an optimal fashion. In this way DT lead to discussion of at least normative and descriptive theories or approaches that may facilitate decision maker in making decision. Normative theory is explanation about how decisions would be made. Descriptive theory is an explanation what people actually do and what people are observed to do when making decision. Prescriptive theory is articulation of the correct principles that people ought to apply when making decision. POINT TO PONDER ? Main goal of decision theory is deciding which action to take ? Normative Theory tries to describe how a hypothetical, infinitely intelligent being would make decisions ? reasonably accurate account of how individuals actually make decisions under uncertainty ? Both normative and descriptive theories have significant role in decision making ACTIVITIES Student should further explore; †¢ The concept of decision theory †¢ The realist, optimist, pessimist and opportunist views of decision †¢ More conceptual definition of decision from the vast literature of DM †¢ The concept of structured problem †¢ The concept of unstructured/Ill-Structured Problem †¢ The Concept of Normative Theory †¢ The normative aspect of decision theory †¢ The Concept of Descriptive Theory †¢ The descriptive aspect of decision theory STUDY QUESTIONS PART A: DEFINITION Please define the following terms: 1. Decision Theory 2. Decision 3. Theoretical Question 4. Normative Theory 5. Descriptive Theory PART B: SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions: 1. Discuss the importance of decision theory. 2. How decision relate to our everyday’s life? 3. Discuss the normative approach of decision theory with examples. 4. Discuss the descriptive approach with examples. 5. Discuss the prescriptive approach with examples. FURTHER READING Bekker, H. , Thornton, J. G. , Airey, C. M. , Connelly, J. , Hewison, J. , Robinson, M. B. , Lilleyman, J. , MacIntosh, M. , Maule, A. J. , Michie, S. , Pearman, A. D. , (1999). Informed decision making: an annotated bibliography and systematic review. Health Technology Assessment, 3(1). Bell, D. E, Raiffa, H Tversky, A. (1995) Decision making: descriptive, normative and prescriptive interactions, USA: Cambridge University Press. Clemen, R. (1996). Making Hard Decisions: An Introduction to Decision Analysis, 2nd edition. Belmont CA: Duxbury Press. Doerr, K. H. Mitchell T. R. , (1998). The Consequences of Role-conferred Bias and Base-rate Neglect, Decision Sciences Journal,   29(2)pp. 461-478 Grant, S and Van Zandt, T. (2008). Expected Utility Theory, In P. Anand, P. Pattanaik and C. Puppe (Eds), Handbook of Rational and Social Choice, Oxford University Press. Hansson, S. O. (1994). Decision Theory : A Brief Introduction. Department of Philosophy and the History of Technology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). Stockholm. Keefer, D. L, Kirkwood, C. W. and Corner, J. L, (2004). Perspective on Decision Analysis Applications, 1990–2001, Decision Analysis, 1(1) pp. 4–22 Lichenstein, S. , Slovic, P. (2006). The Construction of Preference. New York: Cambridge University Press. Mautner, T. (Ed) (1999). The Penguin Dictionary of Philosophy. London: Penguin. Russo, J. E. and Carlson, K. A. 2002. Individual Decision-making. In: Weitz, , Wensley, (Eds. ), Handbook of Marketing, Sage, London, pp 371-408. Stewart, T. R. (1997). Forecast value: Descriptive decision studies. In R. W. Katz A. H. Murphy (Eds. ), Economic value of weather and climate forecasts (pp. 147-181). New York: Cambridge University Press. Thagard, P. (2001. How to make decisions: Coherence, emotion, and practical inference. In E. Millgram (Ed. ), Varieties of practical inference . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp355-371 Tupara, H. (2008). Facilitating functional decision making in midwifery: lessons from decision theory. New Zealand College of Midwives Journal, Apr 1, 2008. ———————– 1 INTRODUCTION TO DECISION THEORY Introduction to Decision Theory Overview of decision theory Theoretical questions about decisions Normative approach Descriptive approach LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After studying this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Understand the concept of Decision Theory (DT) 2. Understand issues about the nature of decisions 3. Describe the concept of normative approach of DT 4. Describe the concept of descriptive approach of DT How to cite Chapter 1, Essay examples

Facing Racism and Prejudice Essay Example For Students

Facing Racism and Prejudice Essay I had never felt so out of place or uncomfortable with the color of my skin. Normally, a person’s piercing stare or gaze would not affect me, and normally would be shrugged off just as when someone mentions an insult or snide remark. Then at other times, the color of your skin can even frighten someone else because of their racial misconceptions or biased views on a certain race. Racial prejudice is a negative aspect of society that has unfavorably affected me. I often wonder if it could it be something done by myself to cause this reaction or maybe my body language which would cause the other person to become uneasy around me. Or maybe it is the other individuals upbringing of the â€Å"white is right† motto which leads them to presume me as an unmannered and uneducated minority. It almost seems as if it were yesterday when racial prejudice was bestowed upon me. The other individual was dressed in a fine wardrobe which consisted of high end designer denim jeans, and a fine solid silver silk shirt which had a strong masculine scent from the Giorgio Armani cologne he wore. As I walked ever closer to him browsing the fine designer store aisles it seemed apparent to me that he was appalled at the sight of my shopping in the same store as he. Trying my hardest to fit in with the surrounding individuals and upper social class of the location, my wardrobe consisted of dark denim blue jeans, and a long sleeved striped dress shirt with a splash of sweet smelling cologne. To no avail this did not alter his perception on how he viewed me, instead he just stared intently as if to intimidate or make me feel uncomfortable. Which made me realize how difficult minorities had it back in the time period of segregation when they were treated similar just as a mere object, and not as a person with emotions. Eventually it became unbearable being in this predicament to the point where instead of causing a ruckus and being rude with this individual as he was with me. I ended up leaving the high end department store disheartened and embarrassed because of the color of my skin. Another type of situation that had happened to me was involving racial fear it was on a hot Texas summer day when this predicament had happened involving some friends myself and a middle aged white couple. Feeling adventurous and being off for spring break on my senior year of high school I ended up going on a hiking trip with a few friends. Everything seemed to be working out perfectly from the beautiful breeze and relative cooler than normal spring temperature we had on that day. To the amount of people whom were on the hiking trail that particular day in March which made everything seem to work together flawlessly. As we sauntered up the steep rocky trail we noticed a Caucasian couple who kept looking back at us fearfully as if we were going to harm them. We continued on our way not really paying attention to the couple’s uneasiness of us gaining distance on them and drawing ever closer to them on the hiking trail. Finally without realizing it we were within 5 feet or so from the couple. They seemed fearful of three young Hispanic teens dressed in casual outdoor clothing. To the average person three friends dressed in cargo shorts and t-shirts would not strike fear into their heart as it seemed to instill into this particular couple. As we were about to pass the couple on the descent from the trail back down to conclude our trek. We noticed that the Caucasian male had pulled out a can of pepper spray possibly because of being fearful from seeing a group of three young Hispanic males approaching him. .u6f4a025f5ab5743f67b217910be366d5 , .u6f4a025f5ab5743f67b217910be366d5 .postImageUrl , .u6f4a025f5ab5743f67b217910be366d5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6f4a025f5ab5743f67b217910be366d5 , .u6f4a025f5ab5743f67b217910be366d5:hover , .u6f4a025f5ab5743f67b217910be366d5:visited , .u6f4a025f5ab5743f67b217910be366d5:active { border:0!important; } .u6f4a025f5ab5743f67b217910be366d5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6f4a025f5ab5743f67b217910be366d5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6f4a025f5ab5743f67b217910be366d5:active , .u6f4a025f5ab5743f67b217910be366d5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6f4a025f5ab5743f67b217910be366d5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6f4a025f5ab5743f67b217910be366d5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6f4a025f5ab5743f67b217910be366d5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6f4a025f5ab5743f67b217910be366d5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6f4a025f5ab5743f67b217910be366d5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6f4a025f5ab5743f67b217910be366d5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6f4a025f5ab5743f67b217910be366d5 .u6f4a025f5ab5743f67b217910be366d5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6f4a025f5ab5743f67b217910be366d5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The planets EssayI tried to defuse the situation by greeting the couple and by possibly initiating a conversation to lower the couples guard toward us and possibly eliminate their fearfulness of us. Instead all I did was make the situation worse and ended up angering the fearful couple which lead to a horrible experience and ruined trip. I could adhere to the racial remarks and, allow it to keep me downhearted and deter me from pursuing a successful life or achieving personal goals. Alternatively the viewpoint of treat others as they treat you could be used easily on instances where prejudice is bestowed upon me. As gleefully as it may sound to do the same that would make it seem as if they had gotten the best of me. Emotionally it is hard to remain calm when placed in the uncanniness of situations involving racial prejudice. Instead of pondering on the negativity of the situation I have tried to turn the negativity of prejudice into a positive. My personal vendetta has been to prove by my actions that a minority can succeed in today’s society and become educated with a successful career and lifestyle. For this reason my pursuit of attaining a Bachelor Degree in Business will be a personal achievement and accomplishment that will allow me to show that a person’s skin color does not define their achievements or goals in life. Anything in life can be achieved or accomplished with hard work and dedication no matter what color your skin is. This was something proved by Dr. Martin Luther King who was a very well respected minority whom had a dream and goal in mind. He was able to overcome many obstacles and racial prejudice in his life, and in essence turn negativity into a positive during his era when he was battling racial prejudice by angry white men and women. Even though racism is wrong, it is still being practiced, in this country and in others. The origins are obscure, but it most likely had something to do with a poor or ill experience upbringing involving another race. Our enlightened society has more discernment than this, and we know that a person is neither good nor bad depending on the color of their skin.