Law in Civil Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Law in Civil Engineering - Essay Example In the UK, there are several laws enacted to protect women against this kind of discrimination. Though the laws also protect men from being discriminated against, women are the victims in most cases. Several cases have set precedence of the actions and compensation that victims are entitled to in such cases. The case In the UK, the equality act enacted in 2010 protects employees against any form of sexual discrimination. The equality act is just an extension of the sex discrimination act of 1975. It does not apply only to women but also covers men. The aspects of employment such as recruitment, appraisal and promotion are covered under this law. The terms of an employment contract should provide similar entitlements to both men and women since the nature of their work is homogenous and of the similar value. In drafting its employment contracts, the company should consult its legal experts who will advise it on the implications of each of the contract statements. Eileen could sue the company for gender discrimination, age discrimination, criminal intimidation and unfair dismissal. She is entitled to damages should she win the case or decide to settle. On the first count of gender discrimination, Eileen is likely to be successful if the case goes to court. Her manager’s comments that the company has an unwritten policy for women in their twenties to be promoted are sexist. He says that the reason for this is that they leave to have children. An example would be a case in which a male supervisor at the Deutsche Bank made jokes considered sexist in the office about women. An employee Dr. Swinburne sued the bank for sex discrimination and was awarded compensation of ?40000 (Labour research department, 1988). Another example of such a case was the Crown Prosecution Services vs Maria Bimieh in February 2000. She won a case for sex and racial discrimination case against the firm. Her male supervisor failed to promote her even after her performance reviews showed that she met the requirements for a promotion. She had worked at the firm for 12 years. The company is vulnerable if it does not have any written document on its policy on sex discrimination. If Eileen and other employees bear witness that in her time working for the company, the management did not hold any educational forums to educate its employees on the implications of sex discrimination or have official policies on according each person equal opportunities on promotion and other matters, then the company is liable for the damages. In 2003, a trainee sales representative at a car showroom belonging to beadles group sued for discrimination claiming compensation of ?180000 which she won. The reason for her compensation was that she was forced to quit work by the offensive conduct of a colleague at work. The court ruled that since the company did not make any efforts to deter this behavior from its employees, it was liable for her emotional injuries. The medical evidence presented during the case showed that it would be more than 2 years before she was emotionally fit to work again. Sex discrimination cases do not always go in the directions of the plaintiffs, some have also lost. In Villalba vs Lynch inn 2004, the tribunal found that she had no basis for a sexual discrimination claim in which she was asking for ? 1.7m in settlement. She claimed discrimination for being made to perform the duties of cabin crew as the directors of

Economics and Financial Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Economics and Financial Markets - Essay Example This is what will be dissertated in the following. There are in fact various different characteristics that are considered as being major in regards to oligopolistic markets, and each and every one of these characteristics is just as important as the next, however each also must be discussed in regards to its differences as well as similarities to the others; basically the main characteristics of oligopoly are: the market is for the most part dominated by only a few certain and particular companies which are all relatively large; the production of identical products which are similar; there are significant barriers to entry; the basic interdependence of production decisions within the market. In other words and to be more specific, an oligpolistic market basically exists when there is a small number of firms which dominate the supply to an entire market. The specific degree of market concentration is very high here, and "Firms within an oligopoly produce branded products (advertising and marketing is an important feature of competit ion within such markets) and there are also barriers to entry." (Tutor, 2007). Another severely major characteristic in regards to oligopolistic markets is the fact of how there is interdependence between firms; basically this means that each separate firm must take into account for themselves the facts and the likely reactions of the other firms, and this is especially true when they are making pricing and investment decisions. Although the olipolistic markets are considered as being incredibly beneficial and positive in many ways, there are also certain downfalls, such as the fact that there is uncertainly created in such markets as these, and so therefore economists seek to model this through the use of game theory. What are the Characteristic Forms of Competition in Oligopolistic Markets There are various different characteristic forms of competition in markets such as these, and the forms of competition are actually one of the most deciding factors in regards to the outcomes of such markets. Basically, imperfect competition is the most well known and popular type of competition in this regards, and there are many implications in regards to this form of competition, as the main significance of the four basic characteristics of this structure is that